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In a population-based case-control study,we investigated the potential role of occupational exposure to iron,copper,manganese,mercury,zinc,and lead as risk factors for Parkinson's disease(PD).When adjusted for sex, race,age and smoking status,we found in those with more than 20 years exposure a significantly increased association with PD for copper(OR=2.49, 95%CI=l.06,5.89)and manganese(OR=10.61,95%CI=l.06,105.83).For more than 20 years'exposure to combinations of lead-copper(OR=5.24,95%CI=1.59,17.21) lead-iron(OR=2.84,95%CI=1.07,7.50)and iron-copper(OR=3.69,95%CI=1.40,9. 71),there was a greater association with PD than with any of these metals alone.These findings suggest that chronic exposure to these metals is associated with PD and that they may act alone or together over time to help produce the disease. |
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